This anthology constitutes the proceedings of the Anthropology and the Bible session from the European Association of Biblical Studies Annual Meeting held in Lincoln, UK (July 2009).

This volume reproduces translations of Aphrahat’s 2nd and 7th Demonstrations into English. The texts cover themes including Law and Gospel, salvation history, commandments to love and forgive, repentance, Jesus as physician, and pastoral care.

In this volume, Moss gives an introduction, edition, and annotated translation of an important poem (in the seven-syllable meter) from Isaac of Antioch on the Huns’ attack on Constantinople in the 440s.

In these two articles, Zingerle surveys, in German, fourteen poems from Isaac of Antioch and Jacob of Sarug. His aim is to look at how two different Syriac authors expound the same theme: the events surrounding Jesus’ crucifixion.

In the two articles reprinted here, Dom Hugh Connolly offers an annotated English translation of two homilies from Jacob of Serugh dealing with the Eucharist (Bedjan nos. 22 and 95), as well as a short selection from homily 53.

Volume 9 includes the following articles by Alexander Treiger, Mark Dickens, Emmanuel Joseph Mar-Emmanuel, Khalid Dinno and Amir Harrak, and Martin Tamcke.

Sebastian Euringer publishes here the Syriac text of Isho’dad of Merv’s commentary on the Song of Songs accompanied by an introduction, a German translation of the commentary, notes on the translation, and parallels from other commentaries.

Paul Kahle publishes here a German translation, with critical notations, of twelve Aramaic Marka hymns, which are an important piece in the early Samaritan liturgy. Kahle’s work supplements other works that contain the Aramaic texts by providing a modern translation.

Otto Spies publishes here a critical apparatus with variant readings to supplement Johannes Bachmann’s edition of the Ethiopic version of the work “concerning the eight [sinful] thoughts” by Evagrius of Pontus. Spies provides a German translation of the collated text.

Paul Krüger discusses the influence of the “rain prayer” of Ephrem by tracing its use throughout several stages in the development of the Syriac liturgical traditions.

The Syriac tradition played an important role in shaping pre- and early Islamic concepts of Christianity. In this article, Anton Baumstark argues that a few Arabic citations of the Bible reflect reliance on Old Syriac translations rather than the Peshitta.

K.V. Zettersteen publishes here a German translation of a homily of which he had previously published separately the Syriac text. The homily is attributed to Amphilochius of Iconium and it serves as a biography of Basil the Great.

Anton Baumstark compares elements of the “old-Spanish” or Mozarabic liturgy with eastern liturgies in order to demonstrate an “oriental” influence.

Georg Graf publishes a German translation, accompanied by translation notes, of an Arabic poenitentiale text that is a collection of previous material. Graf also provides an introduction to the text in which he discusses source materials and their relationship.

This collection of essays offers a wide overview of the trends in the application of computer technology to the edition and analysis of the Bible. It will be of value to Bible scholars of any kind.

This work contains a large number of Syriac and Armenian fragments from Ante-Nicene writings, with a translation into Latin and four indices: biblical passages, place names, persons, and subjects.

This large volume, the essential resource for studying the official doctrine of the Church of the East from the fifth to eighth centuries, contains the Syriac texts, with a heavily annotated French translation, of synods from 410 to 775.

Drawing on the more progressed fields of Greek and Roman and Arabic rhetoric, Haefeli here presents Aphrahat’s style in terms of numerous stylistic categories. Naturally, the work is brimming with examples (in Syriac and German) from Aphrahat.

In this important study, still a standard resource on Aphrahat, Schwen deals with that writer’s life, works, and doctrine. It will be of certain use for students of Syriac literature and early Syriac Christianity.

In this volume, Baumstark deals with the transmission of Aristotelian philosophy into Syriac and Arabic. Syriac texts with German translations are included, alongside a detailed study of their textual interrelationships.

Bedjan here presents the Syriac text, in vocalized East Syriac script, of a lengthy and highly praised poem (sometimes attributed to Ephrem, sometimes to Balai) on the Joseph story. An appendix contains a poem on the translation of Joseph’s bones.

Duval’s thorough Syriac grammar takes its place beside Nöldeke’s “compendious” grammar as a standard resource for every student and scholar of Syriac.

Payne Smith here gives an edition, prefaced by a helpful introduction (in Latin), of the Syriac translation of Cyril of Alexandria’s interpretation of Luke’s Gospel, which is incomplete in Greek.

From an early manuscript dated to 411 Lagarde here produces the text of the Syriac version of Titus of Bostra’s (died 371) Against the Manichaeans, which has not survived complete in Greek.

From two manuscripts, Lagarde has produced the text of the Syriac version of the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions and Homilies (10-14). The Recognitions had also been translated into Latin, and Lagarde provides a concordance for the two translations.

Ryssel here offers a German translation of a variety of works from George, Bishop of the Arabs (died 724). Included here are poems on monasticism and the chrism, and several letters dealing with a variety of topics, with commentary.

Nau gives here a heavily annotated French translation of the Syriac version of Nestorius’s lost Greek work called The Book of Heraclides, a lengthy defense and description of his christological position, along with a few shorter texts.

With a focus on the Kitab Adab al-falasifah, a book of aphorisms attributed to ?unayn ibn Is?aq, some of the important aspects of the Kitab are laid out, particularly those dealing with religion and the pursuit of philosophy. Although putatively translators, scholars such as ?unayn ibn Is?aq opened the way for philosophical dialogue between Muslims and Christians of Orthodox churches on precepts, often based on Aristotle, they could agree would lead to wisdom and a humane society.

In this work, Martin offers the Syriac text, with an annotated French translation, of Narsai’s poem on the three doctors of the Church of the East: Diodore of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia, and Nestorius.

Anton Baumstark surveys key developments in the Byzantine liturgical rite and attempts to view these developments within the historical circumstances that likely affected or caused them.

Sebastian Euringer publishes here a German translation of the Ethiopic text of a grand poem dedicated to the Virgin Mary from the “monophysite” tradition. Euringer accompanies the translation with an introduction and critical notes.

Georg Graf publishes here the Arabic text and German translation of a “protocol report” by Cyril ibn Laklak, an important historical source for the study of the life of Cyril and for the history of Egyptian bishops.

In the present article, Isidor Scheftelowitz challenges the conclusions of Richard Reitzenstein that a Manichaean hymn fragment contained influences from the old Iranian religious system by offering a new translation and texts for comparison.

Arthur Allgeier presents a survey of medieval translations of the Psalms in comparison with the translations of Jerome’s Psalterium iuxta Hebraeos in order to contrast the use of the underlying Hebrew text in the translation.

Odilo Heiming publishes here the Syriac text and German translation of eighty brief Syriac hymns (enjane) that were not included in Jules Jeannin’s Mélodies liturgiques syriennes et chaldéennes.

Joseph Molitor traces the influence of Byzantine troparia and kontakia (hymns) in the Syriac Melkite tradition as evidenced by several Syriac manuscripts. Molitor provides a thorough introduction and publishes the Syriac text and German translation for the hymns he surveys.

In the first of two articles published here together, A.M. Scheneider challenges the work of P. Power on the location of the house of Caiphas at the church of St. Peter in Gallicantu, and in the second article Power responds.

Robertson integrates textual analysis of the Hebrew Bible and comparable ancient Near Eastern material with social theory and archaeology in order to articulate ancient Israel’s assumptions about natural catastrophes, as well as their intellectual and theological challenges and reconstructions thereto.

Widely regarded as a premier journal dedicated to the study of Syriac, Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies was established in 1998 as a venue devoted exclusively to the discipline. An organ of Beth Mardutho, the Syriac Institute, the journal appears semi-annually and will be printed in annual editions. A peer-reviewed journal, Hugoye is a respected academic source for up-to-date information about the state of Syriac studies and for discovering what is going on in the field. Contributors include some of the most respected names in the world of Syriac today.

This handbook tabulates the most common verbal paradigms and conjugations. It begins by explaining the various types of verbs and how they differ from each other. Every table is spread over two pages in width. Columns are and rows and marked to make easy references.

Bedjan presents Sahdona’s Book of Perfection, a significant resource for the study of East Syrian monasticism, and some shorter works. Also included are several homilies by Jacob of Sarug on Jesus, Mary, virginity and the Council of Nicea.

Published two years apart, the work of musicologist Heinrich Husmann on the music of the Syriac Orthodox Church remains a unique contribution to the liturgical study of that tradition. The first volume of this set is a study of the melodies of the weekly breviaries, arranged by the canonical hours of the days of the week. These studies are according to the offices as sung by Mor Cyril (Qorillos) Jacob, then Metropolitan of Damascus. The second volume contains the vigils, recorded by Mor Jacob’s brother, Malphono Asmar Khouri. The vigils, in eight modes, are dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the saints, penitence, and the departed.

This book is an excellent resource for students, scholars, pastors and other people interested into biblical studies for their daily work at the computer. It can be used as text book as well as a reference work.

In the west centuries ago manuscripts were replaced by printed books, and relegated to mostly secular libraries as a result of religious and political upheavals. In the Christian Orient such changes were slower and remain less advanced. Manuscripts have not entirely vanished from regular use, and Christian communities retain ownership of significant collections of their historic manuscripts. The vital connection between manuscripts and religious culture endures, even if attenuated by persecution, diaspora, technology, and other aspects of modernity. This essay provides an historical survey of these issues in both Europe and the Christian Orient (limited here to the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Ethiopia/Eritrea).

Originally the fourth in a series of five lectures delivered at Harvard University, this extract is an early attempt to tackle a formidable subject: the religion of ancient Iraq, or Mesopotamia. Noting that sacred writings are nearly universal among religions, Rogers offers a brief exposition on the sacred writings of the ancient Mesopotamians. Engaging and informative, Rogers’ narrative is accessible to the specialist and general reader alike.

Originally delivered as one of the Jowett Lectures for 1906, the contents of this booklet emerged during the first quest for the historical Jesus. Somewhat surprisingly, Burkitt discovered that historical criticism increased the historical credibility of the Synoptic Gospels in his estimation. This fourth lecture in the series begins by noting that in early Christianity it was Jesus that was preached and not Jesus’ sayings. Burkitt thus suggests some criteria for finding Jesus’ original words and then applies them in order to reconstruct the teachings of Jesus.

Originally delivered as one of the Jowett Lectures for 1906, the contents of this booklet emerged during the first quest for the historical Jesus. Somewhat surprisingly, Burkitt discovered that historical criticism increased the historical credibility of the Synoptic Gospels in his estimation. This sixth lecture in the series turns to the Gospel of John. Burkitt addresses the enduring questions of authorship and historicity, comparing the Gospel of John to the Synoptics, Philo, the Gnostics, and the Stoics.

Originally delivered as one of the St. Margaret’s Lectures for 1904, the contents of this booklet are focused on aspects of the Syriac-speaking Church. Extracted from Burkitt’s book Early Eastern Christianity, the fifth lecture explores Bardaisan and his unique contribution to Syriac Christianity.

For more than a century Oriens Christianus has been one of the leading international periodicals in the domain of Eastern Christian Studies. From its very beginning in 1901 it covers the complete range of Eastern Churches and languages as well as liturgy, art, archaeology, and, to a minor extent, Islam. This long-lived periodical is a tool for tracing the development of Eastern Christian studies in general and the history of Oriental scholarship in Germany in particular. The early volumes of the journal facilitated the formation of a scholarly Orientalist community. They established a standard of scholarship and criticism beyond national and ecclesiastical polemics. This 35-volume collection gathers all the contributions of Oriens Christianus from 1901 until 1941.

Extracted from Arthur Penrhyn Stanley’s Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church, this initial essay lays out his general perceptions of the Eastern Church. He considers the divisions of the church, the historical epochs into which it falls, and the general characteristics and the advantage of studying them.

C. E. Hammond's Antient Liturgies provided a valuable resource at an early stage in comparative liturgical studies. Free of extensive critical apparatus, Antient Liturgies presents a collection of historic forms of worship from the Western, Eastern, and Oriental Churches. This extract from the book focuses on the Armenian liturgy. With a beginning in the early fourth century, in connection with the Exarchate of Caesarea, this liturgy is presented in English. As an analytical introduction this early study continues to provide a broad overview of early Christian worship made available in an accessible and convenient format for students and scholars.

Juliette Day read a fascinating paper on this subject at the SLS Conference in 1998, and has now turned it into a published Study. It is distinguished by her great care about issues of both topography and dating in relation to Palestine, and in the process she both corrects other scholars and gives a notable overview of a special period.

The author is the Milanese expert on the Ambrosian rite and this (with Volume.2) makes available in English very important material previously virtually unknown here.

In the tradition of Schliemann's search for Troy, Clarke uses literary and topographic data to suggest site locations for the ancient cities of Gargara, Lampascus, and Pionia in the Troad.

Edward Capps addresses the problem of the movement of the dramatic chorus from its position in the orchestra during the 5th century BC to its elevated position above the actors in Vitruvius.

In this article, the famous Assyriologist William Ward discusses the gods of the Hittites as the appear in in art as well as foreign deities who commonly appear alongside them.

Rufus B. Richardson, the director of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens at the time of this paper, publishes the discovery of the fountain of Pirene in Corinth.

In this paper Waldstein suggests a rough dating scheme for artifacts dated to the period between the Mycenean and Archaic periods, moving from a Homer-centric system to one based on material culture.

Plataia (Plataea) is one of the key sites for Historians, Classicists, and Archaeologists with interest in Greek antiquity. This is the original site report for Plataia (Platea), including an edict of Diocletian, inscriptions, and description of the battlefield.

This paper attempts to reconcile Pausanias' description of the topography of Sparta with the first archeological digs in Sparta, a notoriously difficult site to interpret.

This paper discusses the literary and physical evidence for the Lenaeum (the sacred precinct of Dionysios in Athens), a site whose location was lost.

A. L. Frothingham, one of the founding fathers of Art History as a discipline, answers the question “What is Art?”

Luca della Robbia was a Florentine sculptor who is currently thought to have lived from 1400-1482. In this article Alan Marquand suggests a chronology for the Madonnas sculpted by Luca della Robbia.

Minton Warren illuminates the process by which he and other editors navigate the very difficult task of editing the plays of Terrence from manuscript to edition.

This site report presents a Mycenean palace found at Nippur (a city in the heart of ancient Babylon) with a floor-plan and style similar to the palace at Tiryns.

Arthur Frothingham, a father of the discipline of Art History, here lists and categorizes the form and development of the Roman triumphal arch.

Dennison suggest that the 'Scipio type' Roman portrait bust, once thought to represent Scipio the elder, actually depicts priests of Isis, whose cult rose to prominence at the time these busts were carved.

Gorham Phillips Stevens argues that the East wall had windows by which the inner cella was lit. This extra lighting suggests the use of the space as a sacred art gallery as well as a shrine.

Ida Thallon dates the work of Demophon, a famous sculptor whose surviving work is now agreed to be an example of innovative second-century BC Greek art.

In this paper Everett reconstructs his professional life and activities of Antoniazzo Romano and suggests a list of works by the artist, a task made difficult by his stylistic resemblance to other painters of the time.

This paper presents a careful chronology of white lechythoi and demonstrates the methods by which pottery dating was established before modern equipment allowed carbon dating of organic residue.

This paper shows the process by which the statue-group of Daochos in Delphi was reconstructed and discusses its position within the immediate area of its installation.

This paper uses a group of inscribed pottery with datable references to fix a more certain chronology for such pottery in 3rd century BC Alexandria.

The original site report detailing the discovery and first excavations at the Minoan settlement on Mochlos, Crete.

In this paper Elderkin gives a detailed description of the remains of the Fountain of Glauce in Corinth and the engineering methods used in its construction.

Arthur Frothingham, one of the founding fathers of Art History, here discusses the problem of the Gorgon in ancient Greek art by arguing that Medusa represents a lost prehistoric goddess.

Wagener and Ashby here give a report on the Roman remains at the site of Velitrae including roads, temples, basilica, and the amphitheater.

In this ambitious article Eisen creates a chronology of eye beads (glass beads decorated with eye-like spots) from sites in Europe, the Near East, and North Africa.

Arthur Frothingham, one of the founding fathers of Art History, here discusses the origins of Hermes, and suggests that the prototype of Hermes was an Eastern deity of Babylonian extraction.

In this paper John Bonnel argues that the representation of the serpent in Eden as having a human head originated in the mystery plays of the 13th century, where the serpent was played by an actor and had a head.

Porter explains the sudden appearance of Romanesque sculpture in the 12th century AD by suggesting an origin in the sculpture of Lombardy.

In this paper Houghton addresses two problematic Italian Renaissance sculptures whose artists are unknown, the portrait bust of a youth and that of a Roman emperor.

This paper reviews these competing theories of the definition of 'Gothic' and the way in which this style developed, presenting an overview of the difficulties involved in assigning a single name to a developing form of human expression

In this article Harriet Boyd Hawes, groundbreaking archaeologist, nurse, and relief worker, suggests that the reliefs are the adornments of a couch-altar that stood in the sanctuary which Themistocles restored for the Lycomids at Phlya..

In this paper Margaret Waits offers an explanation for the pervasive and enigmatic symbol of the double-axe in Mycenaean culture with special reference to the religions of Greece and Asia Minor

This paper discusses the tales of Heracles as told in vase-paintings, which often represent earlier or more popular versions of the stories than those preserved in upper-class literature.

Esther van Deman addresses the location of the house of Caligula which is mentioned in literature but not readily apparent to excavators, can be found at the Northwest corner of the Palatine.

William Dinsmoor, one of the experts who directed the first reconstruction of the Athenian Acropolis, here addresses the problem of the arrangement of the sculptures on the parapet of the temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis.

Benjamin Meritt, renowned scholar of Greek epigraphy, provides transcription, text, and commentary on the surviving lists of tribute paid to Athens under the Delian league.

Holland uses sculpture to suggest that these ornaments were meant to be worn in womens' headdresses as a development from feathered crowns worn in earlier times and possibly connected to the iconography of the sphinx.

This is the site report from the first excavation of two key areas in Corinth, the theater district and the tombs.

Kate Elderkin presents an enjoyable overview not only of the nature of children's dolls in Antiquity, but the customs surrounding their use and subsequent dedication when the owner reached adulthood.

This is the site report from the excavation of the North cemetery in Corinth and represents a continuation of the report from the 1929 season, which began the excavation.

This site report details the finding of a complicated site in the city of Corinth where a series of Stoai and temples were built over the course of many years.

This is the site report from the excavation of the kerameikos in Corinth and represents a continuation of the report from the 1929 season, which began the excavation.

The first of Carl Blegen's reports on the excavation of Troy for the American Journal of Archeology detailing a small residential area.

The second of Carl Blegen's reports on the excavation of Troy for the American Journal of Archeology detailing a small residential area.

David Robinson, the first to excavate the ancient city of Olynthos, presents his first report on the site and his excavations.

The third of Carl Blegen's reports on the excavation of Troy for the American Journal of Archeology concentrating on a large house continuously occupied in some capacity from Troy I – VII.

This is the site report for a series of tombs in Cyprus dating from the Late Cypriot III period, and includes a wealth of information about the burial customs, tomb-shafts, and goods of entire Cypriot tombs.

Billheimer uses surviving amended Athenian decrees to reverse-engineer the legislative process that may have produced them, and the subsequent steps that intervened between the voting and promulgation of an amendment.

The fifth of Carl Blegen's reports on the excavation of Troy for the American Journal of Archeology concentrating on detailed study of artifacts and finds on the citadel.

David Robinson, the first to excavate the ancient city of Olynthos, presents his second report on the site and his excavations.

Minton Warren, a distinguished scholar of Roman comedy, explores the origins and shades of meaning in the Latin particle 'ne', arguing that it has both emphatic and interrogative meaning.

Basil Gildersleeve, a prolific scholar of Greek and Latin grammar, here analyzes the difficult syntax of Pindar, paying particular attention to dependent clauses and conditional statements.

Nettleship's introduction and commentary to Nonius Marcellus, a 3rd century AD writer on Latin grammar and lexicography. This includes a lengthy biography and background on the work and its influence.

Basil Gildersleeve, a prolific scholar of Greek and Latin grammar, here analyzes the development of the final clause in Ancient Greek from Homer to the Athenian dramatists.

Edward Hopkins here addresses and debunks the color theory, which assumes that ancient peoples were unable to perceive shades of green and blue because they lack vocabulary parallel to our own words for color.

Allen offers a series of inscriptions from Palestine copied by the Rev. Dr. Selah Merrill in the years I875-77, in the course of journeys undertaken under the auspices of the American Palestine Exploration Society.

Herbert Weir Smyth focuses on a grammatical feature of the Homeric dialect of Greek viewed as an aberration by other grammarians, namely what seems to be a reduction of the -ei diphthong to -i in certain words.

Edward H. Spieker provides a linguistic analysis of the genitive absolute, one of the key constructions of the Greek language and often compared to the Latin Ablative Absolute despite some key dissimilarities.

Francis B. Gummere presents s clear discussion of the issues involved in translating the poem for modern English readers.

George Lyman Kittredge examines the medieval romance of Sir Orfeo against its classical predecessor in Ovid's Metamorphoses.

William Dwight Whitney examines various translation of the Upanishads, the sacred Vedic literature of India.

Prof. Elmer offers an analysis of the use of coordinating conjunctions in Latin of the middle Republic – que, atque, and et.

Julius Goebel takes the Chronicle of Limburg and demonstrates how this seemingly prosaic source preserves otherwise unknown German folksong and poetry.

Paul Haupt argues for the existence of an e-vowel in Ugaritic, a vowel whose existence is difficult to prove in the consonant-free script of Semitic language.

Milton W. Humphreys explores the development of the comic agon – that is, the contest-in-words that is the heart of Athenian drama and a reflection of the speech competitions in Athenian politics.

William Dwight Whitney examines Bahtlingk's edition of the two longest of the ancient or genuine Hindu Upanishads, the Chandogya and the Brhad-Aranyaka.

Maurice Bloomfield was a great authority on Sanskrit literature and comparative linguistics, applies the principles of linguistics to rationalize certain irregular forms in a variety of languages.

Miller provides a systematic analysis of the ways in which Attic orators used the ancient Greek imperative.

William Whitney reviews the Vedic syntax of Delbruck, the founder of the study of comparative linguistcs.

William Dwight Whitney reviews the work of Bruno Liebich and R. Otto Franke, two scholars whose work was foundational to the codification of Sanskrit grammar and literature.

Robinson Ellis reviews the debate surrounding the Ciris, an epic in miniature often attributed to Virgil, though never confirmed to be that poet's work.

Hendrickson suggests that Roman drama was a cross-pollination of Greek comedy with Roman satire.

Thomas Seymour's tribute on the death of William Dwight Whitney is a contemporary biography of this great scholar of linguistics.

Frederick Coneybeare analyzes old Armenian codices of Plato's Apology in order to demonstrate the weakness of the chief codex used to support the Greek text.

Steele lists and discusses archaisms in Vergil's Aeneid that were used to reinforce the historical flavor of the epic.

Leo Wiener lists Wolfram von Eschenbach's use of French words in his German epic poems Parzival, Titurel, and Willehalm.

Henry Wood discusses contemporary parodies and commentaries upon the works of Shakespeare in other dramatic productions.

Maurice Bloomfield discusses a variety of then-current issues in the study of Sanskrit literature and Indian culture.

Carl Buck discusses Brugmann's law governing vowel changes from Proto-Indo-European and its application in Sanskrit.

Frederick Coneybeare uses Armenian and Greek texts of Chrysostom's sermons on Acts to question and correct the core text in use by the Western church.

Edwin Fay proposes that the Vedic god Agni has his origins in an Aryan lightening god.

Reading notes and commentary to Tacitus' Dialogus de oratoribus, a little-known yet key work in Tacitus' ouvre.

Horton-Smith offers an explanation for the negatives haud and ou in Latin and Greek respectively, suggesting a root word meaning "to fail."

Prof. Hendrickson re-attributes works long thought to be that of Varro to other, less famous authors of the Late Roman Republic.

R. B. Steele discusses the number of occurrences and some of the most noticeable examples of the different forms used by the Latin historians to express purpose, mostly those subjunctive clauses introduced by 'ut'.

Francis Wood, a linguist known for his work on Latin and Greek etymology, here presents the thesis “Difference in meaning is of itself no bar to connecting words.”

Kirby Flower Smith explores the development of Greek and Latin elegiac meter from its origins to Imperial Rome.

Basil Gildersleeve discusses certain difficulties in codifying Greek syntax.

Prof. Wheeler traces the development of the Latin imperfect from its earliest roots to its later simplification.

R.B. Steele provides an analysis of Livy's philosophy on the methology and purpose of the writing of history.

Sir Peterson's analysis of the Vatican codex of Cicero's Verrine Orations.

Edward Rand's analysis of the Harvard ms. L25, one of the few sources for both Ovid's Heroides and Tacitus' Germania.

A discussion of the psycology behind tense and mood choice in Latin indirect speech.

William Churchill's essay on roots in Polynesian language, challenging the Euro-centric scholarship of traditional linguistics.

Tenney Frank's review and discussion of the uses of the optative in the Edda sagas of Iceland.

R. B. Steele classifies Livy's use of the gerund and gerundive in his history of Rome, providing insight into the regular useage of this rather irregular feature of Latin grammar.

H. C. Nutting's exploration of the use and structure of conditional sentences in Cicero's prose provides a clear discussion of this key feature of Latin syntax.

Sir Peterson's analysis of the manuscript tradition for the Verrine orations, with particular attention given towards removing word-order errors made by copyists.

Wilfred Mustard finds references to Vergil's Georgics in a variety of English authors from the 15th to the 19th century.

Truman Michelson explores the spelling variants among copies of the Edicts of Ashoka, a legal document in Sanskrit.

Prof. Perrin uses Aristotle's Poetics to classify and analyze the various sorts of recognition scenes found in surviving Greek literature.

Prof. Robinson presents a series of inscriptions found in Greece, including transcription and commentary on each.

Knapp's description of the process by which Johannes Vahlen found and compiled the fragments of Ennius into his Ennianae poesis reliquiae.

Prof. Rand uses references to Hesiod's work in other authors to defend and uphold the received text of Works and Days.

Kelley Rees examines the question of whether or not the parodoi of Greco-Roman theaters conventionally represented specific destinations relative to the city/ stage.

Bloomfield lists and discusses instances of vague and ambiguous mood usages in early Sanskrit syntax.

This is the introduction to Edgerton's edition and translation of the Vikramacarita, a Sanskrit story-collection.

Allan Johnson, a famous scholar of ancient civic administration, addresses the origins of the new tribe Ptolemais introduced in 3rd century BC Athens under obscure circumstances.

Prof. Ogle traces the Classical roots of descriptions of feminine beauty in poetry of the English renaissance.

Fay's commentary and emmendation of Goetz and School's edition of Varro's de Lingua Latina.

Allan Johnson, a famous scholar of ancient civic administration, traces the development of Athenian financial administration in the Hellenistic era.

Leech argues against a simplistic view of the Greeks as radical fatalists, underlining their view of the equally prevalent Greek ideas of individual freedom and self-determination.

Bioarchaeology of the Near East (Volume 1, 2007) includes contributions by Theya Molleson, Douglas H. Ubelaker, and Joseph L. Rife, as well as short fieldwork reprots.

Bioarchaeology of the Near East (Volume 2, 2008) includes contributions by Nathan K. Harper, Sherry C. Fox, Mateusz Baca, and Martyna Molak, as well as short fieldwork reprots.

Marius Besson presents the critical text of two manuscripts containing an apophthegmatic text with sayings attributed to Isaac of Nineveh. The text also includes a separate apparatus with references to parallel texts in various early Christian documents.

François Nau collated various manuscripts containing stories about the holy fathers of Sinai and presents here the critical and annotated text. These stories offer otherwise unknown information about St. John Climacus and include useful historical and geographic details.

This Syriac version of the “Liturgy of St. Athanasius” provides a valuable resource for the development of liturgical materials and practices in the Syrian Monophysite tradition. The text includes a critical apparatus and a Latin translation.

The records of two provincial synods found among the writings of Catholicos Timothy I provide a unique perspective into the christological disputes and struggle for authority in Syriac-speaking Christianity in the late 8th century.

Abu-al-Barakat published two versions of the list of seventy disciples sent out by Jesus. Anton Baumstark presents here the Arabic text, along with a Latin translation, of Barakat’s list that was allegedly translated a non-Greek source.

Abu-al-Barakat published two versions of the list of seventy disciples sent out by Jesus. Anton Baumstark presents here the Arabic text, along with a critical Latin version, of Barakat’s list that was allegedly translated from a Greek original.

These eighteen stories pertaining to Anastasius of Mount Sinai include unique information and variations of stories preserved elsewhere. Nau presents the edited Greek text along with an introductory discussion of authorship and sources.

The Life of Abercius, which received much attention after the archaeological discovery of the “inscription of Abercius,” previously existed in two recensions. Élie Batareikh found a manuscript containing a third recension and publishes here the Greek text of that recension.

Book VIII of the Apostolic Constitutions has one of the most complex transmission histories of any text from the Christian Orient. Anton Baumstark describes various sources for parallel texts in order to explicate its translation history in the Oriental languages.

Paul Vetter presents the Armenian text, along with a Greek translation, of the “Gnostic Martyrdom of Peter” from the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. The article also includes an appendix in which Vetter describes the manuscripts used in the collation.

Oskar Braun provides a brief introduction to the life and career of Patriarch Timothy I, including a list of his writings with special attention to his letters and the Syriac text and German translation for five of Timothy’s letters.

Anton Baumstark presents a historical survey of the development of the exegetical methods of the Syriac Orthodox (“Jacobite/Monophysite”) tradition. Baumstark conducts this survey by detailing the influence of various exegetical works through three distinct historical periods.

Early Christian artistic renderings of the traditio legis, exhibit a variety of commonalities and differences. Anton Baumstark compares various versions of the scene and finds evidence of both a Western and an Eastern version represented in multiple sources.

Anton Baumstark presents the complete Greek text of the Liturgy of Saint Gregory the Great. The liturgy was highly influential in the Latin tradition, but as evidenced by the early translation, it also had limited circulation in the Greek tradition.

Franz Cöln presents here the Arabic text of an anonymous writing defending the beliefs of the Jacobite Church against the beliefs of other traditions. The text includes a critical apparatus and is accompanied by a German translation.

Joseph Berenbach presents here the Arabic text and German translation of an important anti-heretical work by the Melkite Christian author Paul er-Rahib. Berenbach describes the manuscripts used in the critical text and introduces the character of Paul.

Emil Goeller introduces and provides the text of a unique resource for the ecclesiastical history of the “Nestorian” church. The text, presented in Syriac with a Latin translation, is a compilation of historical sources focused on the story of Nestorius.

Anton Baumstark publishes two memre on the subject of Mary’s passing. The first is attributed to Jacob of Serug and the second to John of Birta. Baumstark also provides a brief introduction to the texts.

Anton Baumstark describes thirty Psalter illustrations that he found in a manuscript belonging to the Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem. These illustrations significantly increase our knowledge of Psalter illustrations in the Syriac tradition.

Anton Baumstark publishes here the portion of Theodore bar Koni’s Scholia that deals with the various Greek philosophical schools of thought. Baumstark provides an introduction to the Syriac text and includes a Latin translation.

Kyriakos, Patriarch of Antioch, was an influential figure in the development of the Syriac Monophysite tradition. Karl Kaiser presents here a brief but important survey of his life and publishes the Syriac text of a liturgy attributed to Kyriakos.

Descriptions of the Holy Lands abound, yet each offers a unique perspective. Anton Baumstark publishes here an Arabic version of one such description accompanied by a brief introduction to the text and a Latin translation.

The Nomocanons of the Eastern Orthodox traditions are valuable historical sources for the church traditions they represent. Franz Cöln presents here the collated text of a Nomocanon attributed to Miha’il of Malig and preserved in Garshuni and Arabic manuscripts.

Bruno Kirschner publishes here the Syriac text of seven full acrostic Sogiatha hymns and accompanies each with a brief introduction and a German translation. Kirschner also includes a general introduction to acrostic poetry in the Syriac tradition.