Christianity has been the majority religion in the West for centuries, so the vast majority of Christians in the West today do not know the experience of being the minority. However, the Christians of the Middle East and other parts of the world are quite familiar with this experience as they have been the minority for many centuries. In the modern period, the Christian minority communities in Turkey have experienced many difficulties, including the well known massacre of Armenian and Turkish Christians in the early twentieth century. In the present work, Wilhelm Baum provides an historical survey of the plight of Christians in Turkey. The work begins during the time of the late Byzantine Empire, but it focuses on the modern period and, more specifically, on the twentieth century.