This volume examines approaches adopted by contemporary Hanbali and Jaʿfari scholars toward the sharʿī status of ʿurf in three categories: the methodological perspective (classic and contemporary), the nonbinding opinions of legal scholars (fatāwā), and the court verdicts of judges (aḥkām). The interaction between custom and textual authority is emphasized, developing an analytical framework of legal rules that pertain to social relations in general and marital issues in particular.